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Uterine Prolapse: Causes, Symptoms, and Surgical Options

Uterine prolapse is a condition where the uterus descends from its normal position into the vaginal canal due to weakened pelvic floor muscles and ligaments. This occurs when the structures that support the uterus become overstretched or compromised, often after childbirth, ageing, or other factors that increase pressure on the pelvic area. In severe cases, the uterus can partially or fully protrude from the vaginal opening, causing significant discomfort and health issues.

How Uterine Prolapse Affects Women

Uterine prolapse can range from mild to severe, and its symptoms can deeply affect a woman’s physical and emotional well-being:

       Pelvic Pressure: A feeling of heaviness or dragging in the pelvic area, especially after standing or lifting.

       Tissue Protrusion: In advanced stages, part of the uterus or surrounding tissues may visibly bulge out of the vaginal opening.

       Urinary Issues: Difficulty urinating, frequent urination, incomplete bladder emptying, or urinary incontinence.

       Bowel Symptoms: Constipation, difficulty with bowel movements, or a sensation of incomplete evacuation.

       Sexual Discomfort: Painful intercourse or a feeling of laxity in the vaginal area, leading to decreased sexual satisfaction.

       Chronic Back Pain: Lower back discomfort worsens throughout the day or with physical activity.

If left untreated, uterine prolapse can worsen over time, leading to more serious complications such as bladder dysfunction, recurrent infections, and ulceration of the protruding tissue.


Causes of Uterine Prolapse

The condition is primarily caused by the weakening of the pelvic support structures due to:

       Childbirth: Vaginal deliveries, especially those that are complicated babies, can overstretch the pelvic floor muscles.

       Ageing and Menopause: As estrogen levels decline, the pelvic tissues lose strength, increasing the risk of prolapse.

       Chronic Straining: Obesity, chronic cough, or frequent heavy lifting can place continuous pressure on the pelvic area.